What is the variable that is either manipulated by the investigator or affects another variable? 2021
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In which research method manipulation of ‘independent variable’ and control of ‘extraneous variables’ are neither possible nor desirable?
Experimental method
Ex post facto method
Historical method
Descriptive survey method
In which research method manipulation of ‘independent variable’ and control of ‘extraneous variables’ are neither possible nor desirable?
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Which variable is usually manipulated by the investigator?
Which variable can be affected by the manipulated variable?
What is a manipulated variable called?
What variable refers to the result or effect of changes brought about by another variable?
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Option 2 : Ex post facto method
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The experimental method features the manipulation of an independent variable, the measurement of a dependent variable, and control
of extraneous variables.
The manipulation of ‘independent variable’ and control of ‘extraneous variables’ is quite impossible in the Ex post facto method.
Ex post facto method:
The research starts after the fact have occurred
The investigation starts ‘after the fact’
It is also known as casual comparative research
The researcher
identified the sự kiện that already occurred
Manipulation is not possible in this research as the researcher predicts the cause based on the dependent variable.
For example Study on the effects of an earthquake
Independent variable: The variable that is stable and unaffected by the other
variables you are trying to measure. It refers to the condition of an experiment that is systematically manipulated by the investigator. It is the presumed cause.
Dependent variable: The variable that depends on other factors that are measured. These variables are expected to change as a result of experimental manipulation of the independent variable or variables. It is the presumed effect.
Extraneous variables: anything
that varies in the context of a study other than the independent and dependent variables. It is also called the participant variable. For example, noise, writing ability, ill-health in communication.
Research method
Characteristics
Experimental method
It is a scientific method of study
the main purpose is to determine the relationship between the variable
Rejection or acceptance of the Hypothesis is a major part of this research
For example Study on the effect of the medicine on patient
Historical method
It is a collection of techniques and guidelines used by a researcher based on the historical aspects
A researcher seeks to test the truthfulness of the reports of observations made by others
It is an investigation of the development of past events and their impact on the present and future
It depends on both primary and secondary data
It is a qualitative method
For
example, Study about Roman war
Descriptive survey method
It attempts to establish the range and distribution of some social characteristics, such as education or training, occupation, and location, and to discover how these characteristics may be related to certain behavior patterns or attitudes.
Find the answer to the question with what, where, when, and how
Allow gathering a large volume of data
For example, how many things are required to
prepare a good chocolate cake?
The process of examining a research problem in the social and behavioral sciences is often framed around methods of analysis that compare, contrast, correlate, average, or integrate relationships between or among variables. Techniques include associations, sampling, random selection, and blind selection. Designation of the dependent and independent variable involves unpacking the research problem in a way that identifies a
general cause and effect and classifying these variables as either independent or dependent.
The variables should be outlined in the introduction of your paper and explained in more detail in the methods section. There are no rules about the structure and style for writing about independent or dependent variables but, as with any academic writing, clarity and being succinct is most important.
After
you have described the research problem and its significance in relation to prior research, explain why you have chosen to examine the problem using a method of analysis that investigates the relationships between or among independent and dependent variables. State what it is about the research problem that lends itself to this type of analysis. For example, if you are investigating the relationship between corporate environmental sustainability efforts [the independent variable] and
dependent variables associated with measuring employee satisfaction at work using a survey instrument, you would first identify each variable and then provide background information about the variables. What is meant by “environmental sustainability”? Are you looking at a particular company [e.g., General Motors] or are you investigating an industry [e.g., the meat packing industry]? Why is employee satisfaction in the workplace important? How does a company make their employees aware of
sustainability efforts and why would a company even care that its employees know about these efforts?
Identify each variable for the reader and define each. In the introduction, this information can be presented in a paragraph or two when you describe how you are going to study the research problem. In the methods section, you build on the literature review of prior studies about the research problem to describe in detail background
about each variable, breaking each down for measurement and analysis. For example, what activities do you examine that reflect a company’s commitment to environmental sustainability? Levels of employee satisfaction can be measured by a survey that asks about things like volunteerism or a desire to stay at the company for a long time.
The structure and writing style of describing the variables and their application to analyzing the research problem
should be stated and unpacked in such a way that the reader obtains a clear understanding of the relationships between the variables and why they are important. This is also important so that the study can be replicated in the future using the same variables but applied in a different way.
Fan, Shihe. “Independent Variable.” In Encyclopedia of Research Design. Neil J. Salkind, editor. (Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE, 2010), pp. 592-594;
“What are Dependent and Independent Variables?” Graphic Tutorial; “Case Example for Independent and Dependent Variables.” ORI Curriculum Examples. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Research Integrity; Salkind, Neil J. “Dependent Variable.” In Encyclopedia of Research Design, Neil J. Salkind, editor. (Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE, 2010), pp. 348-349; “Independent Variables and Dependent Variables.” Karl L. Wuensch, Department of Psychology, East Carolina
University [posted email exchange]; “Variables.” Elements of Research. Dr. Camille Nebeker, San Diego State University.
Which variable is usually manipulated by the investigator?
Therefore, in experiments, a researcher manipulates an independent variable to determine if it causes a change in the dependent variable.
Which variable can be affected by the manipulated variable?
A response variable is the variable that changes as a result of the manipulated variable being changed. A response variable is sometimes called a dependent variable because its value often depends on the value of the manipulated variable.
What is a manipulated variable called?
Variables that cause something to change are called independent variables or manipulated variables. Whether you choose to call it an independent variable or a manipulated variable depends on the term you pair it with.
What variable refers to the result or effect of changes brought about by another variable?
A dependent variable is the variable that changes as a result of the independent variable manipulation. It’s the outcome you’re interested in measuring, and it “depends” on your independent variable. In statistics, dependent variables are also called: Response variables (they respond to a change in another variable)
Tải thêm tài liệu tương quan đến nội dung bài viết What is the variable that is either manipulated by the investigator or affects another variable?
Control variable
Internal validity
Research variables
Confounding variable
Dependent variable
Experimental design
Experimental method
Control variables meaning
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